Fire dampers are an essential part of an HVAC system due to their ability to prevent the spread of fire through the ductwork. They come in two types: dynamic and static. Each is designed to operate under different conditions and understanding these conditions is essential to ensure optimal fire protection.
Static Fire Dampers:
Purpose: Static fire dampers are designed to operate in environments where the fans within the HVAC system cease operation during a fire.
Activation: They are activated when heat melts a fusible link allowing gravity to close the damper.
Ideal Applications: Static dampers are best suited for vertical installations, such as when the ductwork intersects a wall. Static Horizonal fire dampers are available with constant force spring to close blades.
Dynamic Fire Dampers:
Purpose: Dynamic fire dampers are designed to stop the spread of fire even as air continues to move within the ductwork.
Activation: When the heat threshold is reached during a fire, a spring within the damper activates, causing its blades to seal off the duct.
Ideal Applications: Dynamic dampers are suitable for both vertical and horizontal installations. They are ideal for applications where certain areas of a building need to be pressurized during a fire or where fans must keep running for smoke management.
Selecting the Right Fire Damper:
The choice between static and dynamic fire dampers depends on factors such as local building codes and the operational requirements of the HVAC system during a fire.
Here’s a quick summary:
Static Fire Dampers: Ideal for systems that shut off during a fire, offering a low-cost and low-maintenance solution.
Dynamic Fire Dampers: Indispensable for systems that need to maintain controlled airflow even during a fire.
In conclusion, understanding the specific needs of your HVAC system and the building’s fire safety requirements will guide you toward the right choice. Both types play critical roles in ensuring fire protection and safety.
